For example, we could check the reliability of a piece of information by recalling whether we heard it in conversation with friends or saw it on a news website. We often want to retrieve a particular kind of event from memory. The data support the view that selection can act before recollection if there is sufficient overlap between retrieval cues and targeted versus competing memory traces. ERPs for unstudied items also were more positive-going when cue overlap was high, suggesting that engagement of retrieval orientations reflected availability of external cues matching the targeted source. Results revealed that regardless of which source was targeted, the left parietal ERP effect indexing recollection was selective when test cues overlapped more with the targeted than non-targeted information, despite consistently better memory for pictures. We manipulated cue overlap by probing memory with visual names (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). Participants viewed object pictures or heard object names, and one of these sources was designated as targets in each memory test. In two preregistered experiments ( Ns = 28), we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to quantify selection occurring before retrieval and the goal states - retrieval orientations - thought to achieve this selection.
We contrasted two candidate mechanisms: the overlap between retrieval cues and stored memory traces, and the ease of recollection. People often want to recall events of a particular kind, but this selective remembering is not always possible.
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